球友(中国)qy

曹鹏博士

北京科学生命球友(中国)qy高级研究员

Peng Cao, Ph.D. Associate Investigator, NIBS, Beijing, China

Phone: 86-10-80726688-8535

Fax: 86-10-80726689

E-mail: caopeng@xinjundu.com

教育经历
Education

2000年  北京大学科学生命学院理学学士
B.Sc. Peking University, China

2005年 中国科研实验室生物物理球友(中国)qy理学博士
Ph.D., Neurobiology, Institute of Biophysics, CAS

工作经历
Professional Experience

研究概述

在《物种起源》中，达尔文提出＂适者生存＂的重要概念。＂适者生存＂的关键是成功应对生存威胁。微观尺度上的生存威胁主要是病原微生物。它们可以入侵人和动物的消化道和呼吸道，引发一系列病理性的防御反应（如恶心和呕吐）。宏观尺度上的生存威胁主要是天敌。在面临天敌威胁时，人和动物表现出一系列生理性防御反应（如战斗和逃跑）。大脑如何感知这些不同尺度的生存威胁并启动相应的防御反应，是神经科学领域一个重要的科学问题。我们实验室以小鼠为动物模型，在微观尺度上，研究了大脑启动恶心和呕吐的神经机制；在宏观尺度上，研究了大脑启动战斗和逃跑的神经机制。

研究内容-1: 大脑感知病原入侵启动防御反应的神经机制

食物中毒引发的恶心和呕吐是机体自我保护的防御反应，对生存具有重要的意义。恶心和呕吐也是癌症化疗的主要副作用，具有重要的临床意义。在过去三十年里，恶心和呕吐的机制研究不断举步维艰，因为领域内缺乏合适的动物模型和研究范式。

2022年11月1日，我们在Cell上发表了题为The gut-to-brain axis for toxin-induced defensive responses的研究论文。该研究建立了以小鼠为动物模型研究恶心和呕吐反应的新范式，发现肠道报告病原入侵的“情报员”细胞，迷走神经传输情报的“线人”细胞，以及脑内负责启动恶心和呕吐反应的“开关”细胞。在分子细胞层面上，揭示免疫反应和5-羟色胺信号在引发恶心和呕吐中的重要功能，证明化疗药物是顺利获得“绑架”这些分子细胞机制引发恶心和呕吐的副作用。研究还发现，这些分子细胞和神经环路机制也参与了化疗药物（doxorubicin）引发的“恶心-呕吐”副作用。这一发现暗示，化疗药物引发的“恶心-呕吐”副作用，可能是顺利获得绑架进化上保守的“食物中毒”机制得以实现。

同期的 Cell 配发了专家评论文章，对这一工作进行了详细介绍。研究成果还被Nature Reviews Neuroscience以Research Highlight的形式进行了报道。纽约时报也对这一研究成果进行了采访和报道。

研究内容-2:大脑感知天敌威胁启动“战斗-逃跑”反应的神经机制

人和动物在面临生存威胁（例如天敌）时,可以表现出“战斗-逃跑”行为反应，《水浒传》中的武松打虎便是这一过程的生动范例。在某些人群中，过度或反复的“战斗-逃跑”行为反应引发一类称为创伤后压力应激障碍（PTSD）的精神疾病。要揭示一类疾病的发病机制，往往需要从源头入手分析。解析引发“战斗”和“逃跑”行为反应的关键神经环路可能是深入分析PTSD发病机理的突破口。近年来,我们在这一研究方向上取得一系列研究成果。

我们在实验室里建立了小鼠与天敌“战斗”的行为范式，并发现天敌攻击时产生的伤害性机械刺激是触发小鼠战斗行为的关键。我们在小鼠的下丘脑前核 AHN中发现编码伤害性机械刺激的神经元。光激活这些神经元，能直接引发小鼠对抗天敌的防御行为。抑制这些神经元，小鼠失去了对抗天敌的能力。这一研究成果于2022年1月3日发表在Nature Neuroscience上。

大脑如何启动“逃跑”的行为反应呢? 我们在小鼠的大脑中发现一群启动逃避天敌行为的神经元。这些神经元位于一个叫做“上丘”的脑区，以小清蛋白（parvalbumin，PV）为生物标记物。上丘PV神经元可以像雷达一样监测天空中快速逼近的运动目标，并把这些预警信息传送给恐惧中枢杏仁核。直接刺激该神经环路，可以快速引发强烈的逃跑行为。反复刺激该神经环路，动物出现类似PTSD的核心症状。这些科学发现于2015年6月26日发表在Science上。

以上关于“战斗”和“逃跑”行为反应的神经机制的研究结果为进一步深入研究PTSD的发病机理奠定了重要基础。

Representative Publications

1. Li Zhang, Minhui Yu, Guoqing Chen, Siyuan Ge, Mengdi Wang, Xianying Zhang, Miao Zhao, Huating Gu, Meizhu Huang, Aixue Liu, Gengxin Ran, Zeyuan Liu, Tiepeng Liao, Qi Chen, Chenjian Miao, Yao Lu, Yibing Wang, Fengchao Wang, Zhihui Liu, Hongying Zhu, Qian Wu, Zhuan Zhou, Wei Xiong, Xiaoqun Wang, Peng Cao. Genetically encoded fluorescent reporters visualizing α-synuclein pathology in live brain. 球友(中国)qy (Published online March 4, 2026)

2. Zhiyong Xie, Xianying Zhang, Miao Zhao, Lifang Huo, Meizhu Huang, Dapeng Li, Shuangfeng Zhang, Xingyu Cheng, Huating Gu, Chen Zhang, Cheng Zhan, Fengchao Wang, Congping Shang, Peng Cao. The gut-to-brain axis for toxin-induced defensive responses. 球友(中国)qy 185: 4298-4316 (2022)

● 球友(中国)qy, “A gut-retching discovery”.

● Nature Reviews Neuroscience, “Gut-brain pathways for toxin defence”.

● The New York Times, “How brains send a signal that it’s time to vomit”.

3. Congping Shang, Zhihui Liu, Zijun Chen, Yingchao Shi, Su Liu, Dapeng Li, Qian Wang, Peng Cao. A parvalbumin-positive excitatory visual pathway to trigger fear responses in mice. Science 348: 1472-77 (2015)

4. Zhihui Liu, Zijun Chen, Congping Shang, Fei Yan, Yingchao Shi, Jiajing Zhang, Baole Qu, Hailin Han, Yanying Wang, Dapeng Li, Thomas Südhof, Peng Cao. IGF1-dependent synaptic plasticity of mitral 球友(中国)qys in olfactory memory during social learning. Neuron 95: 106-122 (2017)

5. Congping Shang, Aixue Liu, Dapeng Li, Zhiyong Xie, Zijun Chen, Meizhu Huang, Yang Li, Yi Wang, Wei Shen, Peng Cao. A subcortical excitatory circuit for sensory-triggered predatory hunting in mice. Nature Neuroscience 22: 909-920 (2019)

● Nature Neuroscience, “Hungry for motion: the senses propel predation”.

6. Zhiyong Xie, Dapeng Li, Xinyu Cheng, Qing Pei, Meizhu Huang, Huating Gu, Miao Zhao, Dandan Geng, Fan Zhang, Yuanwu Ma, Peng Cao. A brain-to-spinal neural circuit for repetitive self-grooming in mice. Neuron 110: 874-890 (2022)

● Neuron, “Of pride and groom: The gains and limits of studying the neuroanatomy of rodent self-grooming in translational research”.

7. Zhiyong Xie, Huating Gu, Meizhu Huang, Xingyu Cheng, Yuan Xie, Zongxiang Tang, Fan Zhang, Peng Cao. Mechanically evoked defensive attack is controlled by GABAergic neurons in the anterior hypothalamic nucleus. Nature Neuroscience 25: 72-85 (2022)

8. Haicheng Lu, Guoqing Chen, Miao Zhao, Huating Gu, Wenxuan Zheng, Xiating Li, Meizhu Huang, Dandan Geng, Minhui Yu, Xuyan Guan, Li Zhang, Huimeng Song, Yaning Li, Menghua Wu, Fan Zhang, Dapeng Li, Qingfeng Wu, Congping Shang, Zhiyong Xie, Peng Cao. Brainstem opioid peptidergic neurons regulate cough reflexes in mice. The Innovation 5(6): 100721 (2024)

9. Ting Wang, Shuping Han, Yaxin Wang, Yaning Li, Yuxiao Li, Zhifang Xing, Shuangfeng Zhang, Yu Xia, Feipeng Zhu, Zhen-Hua Chen, Yu Zheng Li, Jingjing Wang, Mingrui Xu, Qinghua Liu, Man Jiang, Xiaohong Xu, Xiangning Li, Hui Gong, Peng Cao, Qing-Feng Wu. Identification of a neural basis for energy expenditure in the mouse arcuate hypothalamus. Neuron 113(22):3813-3833.e9 (2025)

Other Publications

10. Qing Pei, Qixin Chen, Zhiqi Tian, Le Zhu, Yang Chen, Jihong Gong, Shen Wang, Yijuan Xiang, John S Khamo, Jiaqi Fan, Yi Rong, Yi Yu, Yuyang Qin, Shiping Wu, Youssef Faragalla, Peng Cao, Kai Zhang, Ying Lai, Ling-Gang Wu, Cong Ma, Xiaofei Yang, Jiajie Diao. Munc18 modulates syntaxin phase separation to promote exocytosis. Nature Neuroscience 29(2):306-314. (2026).

11. Miao Zhao, Li Zhang, Zhenhua Chen, Shuangfeng Zhang, Xinyu Cheng, Meizhu Huang, Xiating Li, Huating Gu, Xuyan Guan, Dandan Geng, Yaning Li, Yiheng Tu, Zhiyong Xie, Fan Zhang, Huijie Ma, Xiaoming Li, Dapeng Li, Qing-Feng Wu, Peng Cao. A molecularly defined brain circuit module for regulating panic-like defensive state. Nature Communications 16 (1), 5523 (2025)

12. Dandan Geng, Yaning Li, Bo Yang, Li Zhang, Huating Gu, Tianyun Zhang, Zijie Zhao, Hui Liu, Qingzhuo Cui, Rong Zheng, Peng Cao, Fan Zhang. Cholecystokinin neurons in the spinal trigeminal nucleus interpolaris regulate mechanically evoked predatory hunting in male mice. Nature Communications 16 (1), 5523 (2025)

13. Lijuan Tang, Jiayu Wang, Jiayi Ding, Junyou Sun, Xing-jun Chen, Quqing Shen, Ruiheng Song, Peng Cao, Rong Gong, Fang Xu, Woo-ping Ge, Wenzhi Sun, Hu Zhao, Jianglai Wu. Curved light sheet microscopy for centimetre-scale cleared tissue imaging. Nature Photonics 19 (1): 577–584 (2025)

14. Mingxiu Cheng, Meiqi Wang, Liang Wang, Fangfang Yin, Jiayi Shen, Xin Xing, Yuyan Shi, Zhiwei Liu, Ping Wu, Wenling Gao, Yanyan Fan, Peng Cao, Cheng Zhan. Brainstem catecholaminergic neurons induce torpor during fasting by orchestrating cardiovascular and thermoregulation changes. Nature Communications 16(1):5954 (2025)

15. Hao Wang, Qin Wang, Liuzhe Cui, Xiaoyang Feng, Ping Dong, Liheng Tan, Lin Lin, Hong Lian, Shuxia Cao, Huiqian Huang, Peng Cao, Xiao-Ming Li. A molecularly defined amygdala-independent tetra-synaptic forebrain-to-hindbrain pathway for odor-driven innate fear and anxiety. Nature Neuroscience 27(3):514-526 (2024)

16. Si Li, Wei Li, Yuqi Miao, Meixi Gao, Yanfei Jia, Zhenhua Chen, Xi Chen, Taotao Pan, Shuangfeng Zhang, Zhifang Xing, Shuping Han, Xue-Lian Sun, Xiaochan Wei, Zhiming Liu, Wentao Zhou, Wentao Wu, Fangzheng Liu, Lei Han, Hongmei Zhu, Hongying Ye, Longqi Liu, Yinqing Li, Peng Zhang, Jian Gong, Yongji Tian, Youwei Ai, Peng Cao, Di Wu, Xiangbing Qi, Songbai Gui, Qing-Feng Wu. Modeling craniopharyngioma for drug screening reveals a neuronal mechanism for tumor growth. Science Translational Medicine 16(778): eadn6763 (2024)

17. Ying Li, Yuchen Deng, Yifei Zhang, Dan Xu, Xuefen Zhang, Yue Li, Yidan Li, Ming Chen, Yuxin Wang, Jiyan Zhang, Like Wang, Yufeng Cang, Peng Cao, Linlin Bi, Haibo Xu. Distinct glutamatergic projections of the posteroventral medial amygdala play different roles in arousal and anxiety. JCI Insight 9(14): e176329 (2024)

18. Peihao Chen, Jing Wang, Shuangfeng Zhang, Yan Wang, Yuze Sun, Songlin Bai, Qingcui Wu, Xinyu Cheng, Peng Cao, Xiangbing Qi. Total syntheses of Tetrodotoxin and 9-epiTetrodotoxin. Nature Communications 15(1):679 (2024)

19. Lifang Huo, Zhimin Ye, Meiling Liu, Ziqing He, Meizhu Huang, Dapeng Li, Qian Wu, Qian Wang, Xiaoqun Wang, Peng Cao, Ji Dong, Congping Shang. Brain circuits for retching-like behavior. National Science Review 11(1): nwad256 (2023)

20. Yiwen Hou, Guichang Zou, Xianglian Wang, Hui Guo, Xiao Ma, Xingyu Cheng, Zhiyong Xie, Xin Zuo, Jing Xia, Huanhuan Mao, Man Yuan, Qi Chen, Peng Cao, Yupeng Yang, Li Zhang, Wei Xiong. Coordinated activity of a central pathway drives associative opioid analgesic tolerance. Science Advances 9(6): eabo5627 (2023)

21. Yiwei Wang, Ling You, KaMun Tan, Meijie Li, Jingshan Zou, Wenxin Hu, Tianyu Li, Ruizhi Yuan, Fenghua Xie, Fengyuan Xin, Miaomiao Liu, Yixiao Gao, Congping Shang, Zhiwei You, Xiaorong Gao, Wei Xiong, Peng Cao, Minmin Luo, Feng Chen, Bo Hong, Kexin Yuan. A common thalamic hub for general and defensive arousal control. Neuron 111(20):3270-3287.e8. (2023)

22. Ming-Ming Zhang, An-Qi Geng, Kun Chen, Jian Wang, Pan Wang, Xin-Tong Qiu, Jun-Xiang Gu, Hong-Wei Fan, Da-Yu Zhu, Shan-Ming Yang, Qi-Yu Chen, Zhao-Xiang Zhou, Bo-Yuan Fan, Yang Bai, Ke-Ke Xing, Jia-Ming Feng, Jun-Da Wang, Yan Chen, Ya-Cheng Lu, Ying Liang, Peng Cao, Bong-Kiun Kaang, Min Zhuo, Yun-Qing Li, Tao Chen. Glutamatergic synapses from the insular cortex to the basolateral amygdala encode observational pain. Neuron 110: 1993-2008.e6. (2022)

23. Jing-Jing Yan, Xiao-Jing Ding, Ting He, Ai-Xiao Chen, Wen Zhang, Zi-Xian Yu, Xin-Yu Cheng, Chuan-Yao Wei, Qiao-Dan Hu, Xiao-Yao Liu, Yan-Li Zhang, Mengge He, Zhi-Yong Xie, Xi Zha, Chun Xu, Peng Cao, Haohong Li, Xiao-Hong Xu. A circuit from the ventral subiculum to anterior hypothalamic nucleus GABAergic neurons essential for anxiety-like behavioral avoidance. Nature Communications 13 (1), 1-16 (2022)

24. Yuan Wang, Rong Huang, Zuying Chai, Changhe Wang, Xingyu Du, Yuqi Hang, Yongxin Xu, Jie Li, Xiaohan Jiang, Xi Wu, Zhongjun Qiao, Yinglin Li, Bing Liu, Xianying Zhang, Peng Cao, Feipeng Zhu, Zhuan Zhou Calcium-independent transmission at the central synapse formed between dorsal root ganglion and dorsal horn neurons. EMBO Reports 23 (11), e54507 (2022)

25. Meizhu Huang, Dapeng Li, Xinyu Cheng, Qing Pei, Zhiyong Xie, Huating Gu, Xuerong Zhang, Zijun Chen, Aixue Liu, Yi Wang, Fangmiao Sun, Yulong Li, Jiayi Zhang, Miao He, Yuan Xie, Fan Zhang, Xiangbin Qi, Congping Shang, Peng Cao. The tectonigral pathway regulates appetitive locomotion in predatory hunting in mice. Nature Communications 12: 4409 (2021)

26. Zhiyong Xie, Mengdi Wang, Zeyuan Liu, Congping Shang, Changjiang Zhang, Le Sun, Huating Gu, Gengxin Ran, Qing Pei, Qiang Ma, Meizhu Huang, Junjing Zhang, Rui Lin, Youtong Zhou, Jiyao Zhang, Miao Zhao, Minmin Luo, Qian Wu, Peng Cao, Xiaoqun Wang. Transcriptomic encoding of sensorimotor transformation in the midbrain. eLife 10: e69825 (2021)

27. Can Liu, Chia-Ying Lee, Greg Asher, Liqin Cao, Yuka Terakoshi, Peng Cao, Reiko Kobayakawa, Ko Kobayakawa, Katsuyasu Sakurai, Qinghua Liu. Posterior subthalamic nucleus (PSTh) mediates innate fear-associated hypothermia. Nature Communications 12: 2648 (2021)

28. Chaojuan Yang, Yonglu Tian, Feng Su, Yangzhen Wang, Mengna Liu, Hongyi Wang, Yaxuan Cui, Peijiang Yuan, Xiangning Li, Anan Li, Hui Gong, Qingming Luo, Desheng Zhu, Peng Cao, Yunbo Liu, Xunli Wang, Min-hua Luo, Fuqiang Xu, Wei Xiong, Liecheng Wang, Xiang-yao Li, Chen Zhang. Restoration of FMRP expression in adult V1 neurons rescues visual deficits in a mouse model of fragile X syndrome. Protein & 球友(中国)qy (2021)

29. Shiwei Qiu, Weihao Zhao, Xue Gao, Dapeng Li, Weiqian Wang, Bo Gao, Weiju Han, Shiming Yang, Pu Dai, Peng Cao, Yongyi Yuan. Syndromic deafness gene ATP6V1B2 controls degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons through modulating proton flux. Frontiers in 球友(中国)qy and Developmental Biology 9: 742714 (2021).

30. Jing Chen, Mingxiu Cheng, Liang Wang, Lei Zhang, Dan Xu, Peng Cao, Fengchao Wang, Herbert Herzog, Sen Song, Cheng Zhan. A Vagal-NTS neural pathway that stimulates feeding. Current Biology 30: 3986-3998.e5. (2020)

31. Zheng-dong Zhao, Zongming Chen, Xinkuan Xiang, Mengna Hu, Hengchang Xie, Xiaoning Jia, Fang Cai, Yuting Cui, Zijun Chen, Lechen Qian, Jiashu Liu, Congping Shang, Yiqing Yang, Xinyan Ni, Wenzhi Sun, Ji Hu, Peng Cao, Haohong Li, Wei Shen. Zona incerta GABAergic neurons integrate prey-related sensory signals and induce an appetitive drive to promote hunting. Nature Neuroscience 22: 921-932 (2019)

32. Congping Shang, Zijun Chen, Aixue Liu, Yang Li, Jiajing Zhang, Baole Qu, Fei Yan, Yaning Zhang, Weixiu Liu, Zhihui Liu, Xiaofei Guo, Dapeng Li, Yi Wang, Peng Cao. Divergent midbrain circuits orchestrate escape and freezing responses to looming stimuli in mice. Nature Communications 9: 1232 (2018)

33. Yonglu Tian, Chaojuan Yang, Yaxuan Cui, Feng Su, Yongjie Wang, Yangzhen Wang, Peijiang Yuan, Shujiang Shang, Hao Li, Jizong Zhao, Desheng Zhu, Shiming Tang, Peng Cao, Yunbo Liu, Xunli Wang, Liecheng Wang, Wenbo Zeng, Haifei Jiang, Fei Zhao, Minhua Luo, Wei Xiong, Zilong Qiu, Xiang-Yao Li, Chen Zhang, An excitatory neural assembly encodes short-term memory in the prefrontal cortex. 球友(中国)qy Reports 22: 1734-1744 (2018)

34. Peng Cao, Xiaofei Yang, and Thomas Südhof, Complexin Activates Exocytosis of Distinct Secretory Vesicles Controlled by Different Synaptotagmins. The Journal of Neuroscience 33: 1714-1727 (2013)

35. Xiaofei Yang, Peng Cao and Thomas Südhof. Deconstructing Complexin function in activating and clamping Ca2+-triggered exocytosis by comparing knockout and knockdown phenotypes. PNAS 110: 20777-20782 (2013)

36. Peng Cao, Anton Maximov, and Thomas Südhof, Activity-dependent IGF1 exocytosis is controlled by the Ca2+-sensor synaptotagmin 10. 球友(中国)qy 145: 300–311 (2011).

● 球友(中国)qy, “An exciting calcium sensor for smell”.

● Nature Reviews Neuroscience, “Molecular neuroscience: Synaptotagmin 10-mediated release”.

37. Zhiping Pang, Wei Xu, Peng Cao and Thomas Südhof. Calmodulin suppresses synaptotagmin-2 transcription in cortical neurons. Journal of Biological Chemistry 285: 33930-33939 (2010)

38. Zhiping Pang, Peng Cao, Wei Xu and Thomas Südhof. Calmodulin controls synaptic strength via presynaptic activation of calmodulin kinase II. The Journal of Neuroscience 30: 4132-4142 (2010)

39. Yan Yang, Peng Cao, Yang Yang, and Shu-Rong Wang, Corollary discharge circuits for saccadic modulation of the pigeon visual system. Nature Neuroscience 11: 595-602 (2008)

40. Daoying Hu, Peng Cao, Edda Thiels, Charleen Chu, Gang-Yi Wu, Tim Oury, Eric Klann. Hippocampal long-term potentiation, memory, and longevity in mice that overexpress mitochondrial superoxide dismutase. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory 87: 372-384 (2007)

41. Peng Cao, Yan Yang, Yang Yang and Shu-Rong Wang. Differential modulation of thalamic neurons by optokinetic nuclei in the pigeon. Brain Research 1069: 159-165 (2006)

42. Peng Cao, Yong Gu, and Shu-Rong Wang, Visual neurons in the pigeon brain encode the acceleration of stimulus motion. The Journal of Neuroscience 24: 7690–7698 (2004)

43. Quan Xiao, Peng Cao, Yong Gu and Shu-Rong Wang Visual responses of neurons in the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali to moving patterns within and beyond receptive fields in pigeons. Brain Behavior and Evolution 57: 80-86 (2001)

Reviews and Previews

44. Zhihui Liu, Peng Cao. Love or not? A new subpopulation of neurons controls the switch of female sexual behavior. Neuron 110: 2893-2895 (2022)

45. Wei Xiao, Zhuo-Lei Jiao, Esra Senol, Jiwei Yao, Miao Zhao, Zheng-Dong Zhao, Xiaowei Chen, Peng Cao, Yu Fu, Zhihua Gao, Wei L Shen, Xiao-Hong Xu. Neural circuit control of innate behaviors. Science China Life Sciences 65: 466–499 (2022)

46. Xue Liu, Hongren Huang, Terrance P Snutch, Peng Cao, Liping Wang, Feng Wang. The superior colliculus: 球友(中国)qy types, connectivity, and behavior. Neuroscience Bulletin 38: 1519–1540 (2022)

47. Zheng-Dong Zhao, Li Zhang, Xinkuan Xiang, Daesoo Kim, Haohong Li, Peng Cao, Wei L Shen. Neurocircuitry of predatory hunting. Neuroscience Bulletin 39(5):817-831 (2023)

48. Haicheng Lu, Peng Cao. Neural mechanisms underlying the coughing reflex. Neuroscience Bulletin 39(12):1823-1839 (2023)

49. Xuyan Guan, Peng Cao. Brain mechanisms underlying panic attack and panic disorder. Neuroscience Bulletin 40(6):795-814 (2024)

50. Huating Gu, Feiran Zhao, Zhihui Liu, Peng Cao. Defense or death? A review of the neural mechanisms underlying sensory modality-triggered innate defensive behaviors. Current Opinion in Neurobiology 92:102977 (2025)

51. Ruoshui Xu, Dongdong Shi, Kai Wang, Qian Yang, Peng Cao, Zhen Wang. Progress in spatiotemporal regulation of fear memory: neural circuit mechanisms and implications for PTSD. General Psychiatry 38(4):e102224 (2025)

52. Jing Chen, Yijia Xu, Peng Cao. The role of the gut-brain axis in diseases. Physiology 41(2):0 (2026)